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Background and Objective: Pregnancy in the early years of reproductive period has been considered as a high-risk pregnancy. Since different factors interfere with pregnancy and its outcome in teenagers, this study was conducted to determine the outcomes of pregnancy and childbirth in adolescents in Dezyani Hospital of Gorgan, Iran (2008). Material and Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, we compared the pregnancy outcome of 91 primigravida teenagers (less than 19 years) with that of 89 women (19-29 years) as control group. The data collected from patients medical records are mother's age, gestational age, and fetal presentation , gestational hypertension, diabetes mellitus, the way of delivery, hemoglobin status before and after childbirth, first and fifth minute Apgar scores, neonatal anthropometric indices, mode of delivery, congenital anomalies. Data were analyzed with descriptive-analytic tests, using the SPSS.16 software. Results: The mean age of the case and control group is 17.73±1.30 and 24.56±2.54, respectively. In admission, young mothers have significant more weight and height (p<0.05). Mean gestational age is almost the same in teenage (38.59±3.15week) and young mothers (38.09±3.0week). Neonatal anthropometric indices and first and fifth minute Apgar scores are not significantly different in two groups. Conclusion: Mother's age can not be the only determinant of the outcome of pregnancy and childbirth. Pregnancy in teenagers isn't associated with the decrease of gestational age, anthropometric indices and Apgar score, and is not related with the increase of early childbirth and maternal and neonatal mortality.

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  Background and Objective : Mental health of adolescents largely depends on family welfare. In secondary school period, most of teenagers’ talents can emerge and at the end of this time, they acquire social skills and independent identity.­ We aimed at evaluating the mental health and its relationship with family welfare in pre-university students in Salmas city.

  Material and Methods : The subjects of this cross-sectional study were 160 pre-university students selected via stratified random sampling, based on gender. We collected the data by standard GHQ-28 and research-made family welfare questionnaires, and analyzed by chi square and logistic regression, using SPSS software.

  Results: Based on the results, 48.9% of girls and 35.7% of boys are suspected to have mental disorder. The percentage of mental disorder among Students whose family welfare are excellent, intermediate and poor is 22.2%, 48.8% and 61.1%, respectively. Using chi square, there is significant relation between variables such as living with parents, maternal education, parental cohabitation, number of family members and all aspects of family welfare and mental health (p<0.05). By performing logistic regression, using Backward method, significant relationship is shown between mental health and variables such as gender, maternal education, parental cohabitation, leisure activities , economic status and family facilities (p<0.05).

  Conclusion: The relationship found between mental health and family welfare is needed to have appropriate policies of government and family, in the form of welfare and leisure activities, to improve adolescents’ well-being.

  Keywords: Mental health, Family welfare, Adolescent, GHQ-28 Questionnaire

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 Background and objective : ­ Adolescence is a significant stage of social and psychosocial development. This particular period of crisis involves some problems, one of the most important ones is the loss of self-esteem . Hence, this study aimed at investigating the effect of group cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy on increasing adolescents' self-esteem .

 Material and Methods: The research population ( n= 250) of the current study is the ­adolescents living in a boarding school of Taibad city, Iran, in 2012 academic year. Using convenience sampling, the subjects were selected and asked to fill out Copper Smite self-esteem Inventory, and considering the cut-off point of 23, 30 adolescences with the lowest self-esteem were randomly placed in two groups of control and experimental .The subjects of experimental group were taken part in 8 two- hour- long sessions of cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy while the ones of control group did not receive any training . At the end of this period, the subjects’ self-esteem was measured again and compared with pre-test by Ancova test, using SPSS soft ware (version 19).

 Results: Ancova test analysis indicates that the self-esteem score in group cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy compared with the control group is significantly increased (p<0.01).

  Conclusion :­­ Group cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy can lead to increased self-esteem in teenagers. Further researches accompanying by periods of follow-up are recommended.

 

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Background and Objective: The people with Thalassemia, because of frequent blood transfusion and sever complication ,require constant medical supervision, and their psychological problems are paramount. This study aimed to determine Self-Concept and related factors in children and adolescents with Thalassemia major aged 7-18 in Golestan province ,2012. 

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Background and Objective: Nowadays, smoking is a widespread health problem in the world. Hookah smoking is common in many countries, especially in the Middle East and Africa. This study aimed to investigate the causes of hookah smoking in adolescents in Kurdkoy, 2013.

Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 266 teenagers selected via multi stage sampling. The questionnaires were distributed among  the  people who were present at the Coffeehouses and the results were reported by descriptive statistics.

Results: The results showed that 51.5% of the participants said they use Hookah every day. The reasons were pastime (56.4), unemployment (41.7), Pleasant feeling (33.8), being with friends (33.5), fatigue reduction (33.5) and the availability of hookah (32.3).

Conclusion: To minimize the tendency to Hookah smoking, we recommend planning some activities for leisure time, "learning to say no" and training how to reduce anxiety and fatigue.