Search published articles


Showing 4 results for Infant
Effect of Topical Tetracaine Gel %4 on Intensity of Pain Due to Intramuscular Injection of DPT Vaccine for 2monthsof Age Infants
Mr Abolfazl Farhadi, Mr Sadegh Farhadi,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (8-2012)
Abstract

  Background and­ Objective: ­­ Pain is a multidimensional phenomenon defined as­“an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that is ­ associated with actual or potential tissue ­damage”­.­Infants and children are vaccinated before two years on several occasions. Many of these vaccines are injectable, and are painful. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether topical tetracaine can reduce the pain of IM DPT injection compared to placebo in infants of two months of age.

  Material and Methods: ­ In this study, 40 infants aged two months were selected by convenience sampling and randomly placed in two groups of case and control. The Infants of experimental group were injected by using topical tetracaine gel %4­­ and those of the other group by a placebo. The intensity of injection was scored by a pediatric registered nurse, using the FLACC pain scale.

  Results: Although the mean of pain intensity in case group (8.3) is lower than that of controls (9.1) and also the time of pain relief, the use of tetracaine could not be significantly effective in reducing the severity of pain due to intramuscular injection of DPT vaccine. Conclusion:­ ­ Based on the results, there is no significant difference between case and control groups on using tetracaine, but because of low pain intensity in case group, further researches are needed to be done.

  Key words: Pain, Infants, ­Tetracain gel, Intramuscular injection


The Effect of Open and Closed Endotracheal Tube Suctioning System on Cardio- respiratory Parameters of Infants Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation
Narges Asgari, Parvin Taheri, Mehri Golchin, Dr Majid Mohammadizadeh,
Volume 10, Issue 0 (9-2013)
Abstract

  Background and Objective: Mechanical ventilation is used for some infants in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) due to many physiological and clinical causes. The practice of endotracheal suctioning of ventilator- treated patients is necessary to remove secretions to prevent obstruction of the endotracheal tube and lower airways. This study aimed at determining the effect of open and closed suctioning methods on cardio-respiratory parameters of infants undergoing mechanical ventilation.

  

  Material and Methods: In this clinical trail, forty-four infants underwent mechanical ventilation in NICU were selected by simple continuous sampling. The samples were randomly divided into two groups. In the first group: first, open suctioning and then after three hours of cleaning, closed suctioning was performed. In the second group, first closed suctioning and after three hours of cleaning, open suctioning was implemented. Respiratory rate (RR), oxygen saturation, pulse rate and blood pressure were assessed before ( in three, two and one minutes ) , during and after ( in one , two and three minutes ) each type of suctioning. The Data was analyzed by Software SPSS-16 using ANOVA with repeated measures and independent t-test.

  

  Results: There was a significant difference between mean respiratory rate and oxygen saturation in infants during and after the closed and open suctioning (p<0.05). Oxygen saturation had a significant reduction in open method compared to closed method during and immediately after suctioning. Respiratory rate had a significant reduction in 3 minutes after open suctioning in both steps. The mean of diastolic pressure in second step of open method and in both steps of closed method was significant (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between the mean pulse rate in different times of open suctioning in the first step (p<0.05), Pulse rate drop significantly was lower in closed suction than open one (p<0.05).

  

  Conclusion: because of little changes caused by closed suctioning in hemodynamic condition, it is recommended using the closed suctioning to prevent from respiratory complications and pulse rate dropping in infants.

 


Assessing the efficacy of 10% oral dextrose in reducing pain in infants during venipuncture: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Leila Barati, Sajjad Khatami, Mitra Valizadeh, Homeira Khoddam,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (4-2023)
Abstract
Background: Available evidence on the efficacy of sweet solutions for reducing pain in infants is insufficient. This study aimed to assess the effects of 10% oral dextrose on the pain of infants during venipuncture.
Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was done on 60 infants undergoing venipuncture. Eligible infants were randomly assigned into an intervention and control group. Two minutes before venipuncture, 2 ml of 10% oral dextrose solution and 2 ml of water were given to the intervention and control groups, respectively. The infants' pain intensity during the procedure was measured by two independent experts based on the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and CONSOL ability Behavioral Pain Scale. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and ANOVA tests. A P-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The mean (±standard deviation) age of infants in the intervention and control groups were 6.37 (2.96) and 9.03 (3.10) months, respectively (P0.05). In addition, the standardized mean difference in pain score between the two groups was -0.2 (95% confidence interval: -0.30 to 0.71). Despite a significant difference (P=0.003) in the pain score between females and males, the effect of intervention after gender effect correction was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Using 2 ml of 10% oral dextrose 2 minutes before venipuncture has a weak and non-significant effect on the pain of infants. Based on the effect size and 95% confidence interval, conducting further trials with a larger study population is recommended.
The effects of maternally administered neonate massage on feeding tolerance and physiological indicators in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Faezeh Roostaei , Maryam Radmehr , Mina Mohammady , Narges Sadeghi ,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (9-2025)
Abstract
Background: Feeding intolerance, defined as the inability to maintain enteral feeding, is frequently observed in neonates with immature gastrointestinal tracts in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). This study aimed to examine the effects of maternally administered infant massage on feeding tolerance and physiological indicators in NICU-admitted neonates.
Methods: This single-blind, parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted among neonates admitted to the NICU of a university-affiliated tertiary neonatal and pediatric center in Isfahan, Iran. Using simple random allocation via card shuffling, 62 neonates meeting the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups: intervention and control. The intervention group received maternally administered massage for five days, three times daily for 20 minutes after feeding with breast or formula milk. The control group received routine care. Assessed outcomes were gastric residual volume, abdominal circumference, frequency of vomiting and stools, and physiological indicators checklist, which measured respiratory rate, heart rate, and oxygen saturation (SaO₂) levels two hours after each feeding every day for five days. Data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and ANCOVA in SPSS v.26, with a significance level of p < 0.05.
Results: Neonates in the intervention group showed a greater reduction in gastric residual volume % (r² = 0.82, 95% CI [0.75, 0.88]), abdominal circumference (r = 0.82, 95% CI [0.68, 0.97]), and vomiting frequency (r = 0.83, 95% CI [0.69, 0.97]) compared to the control group. Additionally, stool frequency increased significantly in the intervention group (r = 0.85, 95% CI [0.73, 0.99]). In this group, SaO₂ levels increased (r = 0.82, 95% CI [0.68, 0.97]), while heart rate (r = 0.83, 95% CI [0.69, 0.97]) and respiratory rate (r = 0.85, 95% CI [0.73, 0.99]) decreased significantly, indicating improved physiological stability.
Conclusion: Maternally administered infant massage appeared effective in improving feeding tolerance and physiological indicators in this study. Healthcare teams may also consider training mothers to provide neonate massage as a complementary intervention to support feeding tolerance in newborns admitted to the NICU.
 

Page 1 from 1     

© 2026 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Journal of Research Development in Nursing and Midwifery

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb