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Volume 17, Issue 0 (Supplementary 2020)
Background: Menstrual cycles in women are sometimes accompanied by symptoms that lead to a series of physical, cognitive, behavioral and mood changes called PMS. PMS generally leads to a decline in women's quality of life. Therefore, effective, safe and inexpensive treatment to relieve or improve these symptoms seems necessary. So the aim of this study is to review the complementary medicine and psychological interventions affecting premenstrual syndrome.
Methods: The present review study using the keywords Therapy, Pharmacy, Complementary medicine, Psychological, Premenstrual syndrome that extracted from Mesh-PubMed, was used in Web of Science, Scopous, Medline-PubMed, Cochrane Library, Clinical Key, Magiran, Scientific Information Database (SID) Data base, and the Google Scholar Search Engine for the period 2010-2019 within Apr and May 2018. Out of 338 articles found, 101 repetitive articles in EndNote, 180 articles with screening in the main title, 24 articles in abstract, 15 articles in full text, 1 article were evaluated by the quality of the journal in the source system, and 3 articles were evaluated by the quality of the article according to the scale of isolation. And ultimately, 8 English and 6 Persian articles were entered.
Results: Between 14 articles, 5 were quasi-experimental and 9 were clinical trials. The pharmaceutical interventions including estrogen-progesterone hormone combinations, zinc supplements, calcium and vitamin B6, respectively, hormone therapy and vitamin B6, had the most effect in reducing the symptoms of mild to moderate PMS. Herbal remedies including royal jelly, black bean, chamomile have the most positive effects for reducing PMS intensity. In category of non-pharmacological psychological interventions; PMS education, Cognitive-behavioral therapy, Stress management, and cognitive-based therapy. The most successful interventions for anxiety and depression in women with PMS have been given.
Conclusions: Different types of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions will be applied depending on the density of PMS in each individual and with regard to the change in PMS (physical, cognitive, behavioral, and mood).
Volume 17, Issue 0 (Supplementary 2020)
Methods: This study was licensed under Umsu.rec.1393.185 dated 20/8/1393 from the Ethics Committee of Urmia University of Medical Sciences and was registered under clinical trial database IRCT2014112220045N1.
In this study, 50 infertile women aged 20-45 years with at least one year infertility referring to Kosar infertility clinic of Urmia city were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two control groups and intervention Inclusion criteria were:
Be Iranian.
Reside in Urmia.
Be 20-45 years old.
Be literate.
Her husband has no other spouse.
Don't have adopted children.
Not currently suffering from neurodegenerative diseases and not using nerve medications.
Not be part of health or treatment personnel or graduates of medical sciences, psychology or counseling.
In the past six months, she has not had a stressful (deaths of first-degree relatives, accident, bankruptcy, severe illness or illness).
Not suffering from medical conditions (heart, lung, diabetes, hypothyroidism, epilepsy).
The tool of the study was the Newton Infertility Stress Questionnaire, which included a 46-item multidimensional questionnaire developed by Christopher Nutten in 1999 at the Canadian Health Sciences Center and used to measure specific infertility stress in infertile individuals. The questionnaire was administered in five subscales including 10 questions of social stress, 8 questions of sexual stress, 10 questions of communication stress, 10 questions of parenting, and 8 questions of acceptance of a childless life. The total stress score is obtained by summing the scores of the five subscales. The answers are arranged in a Likert manner, with 6 points ranging from strongly disagree to strongly disagree, with scores ranging from 1 to 6. -30-31-32-33-34-35-36-37-43 Do the reverse. The minimum score for this test is 46 and maximum is 276. An increase in the score of this test indicates an increase in the perceived stress of infertility in infertile persons. The validity and reliability of the Newton Infertility Stress Questionnaire in Iran has been assessed by Alizadeh (2005). In this study only the sexual dimension results are mentioned. Due to the long duration of the intervention (approximately 3 months) and the probability of the research units being linked to the control and intervention groups to prevent dissemination of information between the research units, the executive task was divided into two parts, the first phase was assigned to the control group and the researcher contacted by telephone. Individuals were required to complete a pre-test with the Newton Infertility Stress Questionnaire at each clinic or physician's office, and the questionnaire was completed again two weeks later.
Experimental group consisted of 10 group counseling sessions with one week interval including: infertility counseling session on infertility, treatment and correction of false beliefs and presentation of necessary strategies group counseling session on stress control, problem solving skills and control of infertility irrational thoughts, sexual health . Two weeks after the intervention, the Newton Infertility Stress Questionnaire was again completed for the intervention group and the data were analyzed by SPSS software using version 22 software.
Results: Before the intervention, the mean scores of sexual stress dimension in the intervention group (26.52 ± 8.29) and in the control group (23.87 ± 8.08) were not statistically significant. But after intervention the mean scores of intervention group (20.67 ± 6.20) and control group were (78.7 ± 7.45). Independent t-test results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups after intervention. (P = 0.01).
Conclusions: According to the results of the study, counseling-based intervention has been effective in improving sexual stress in infertile women.
Volume 19, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Background: Having self-care abilities based on the needs of the elderly promotes health in these individuals and minimizes the complications associated with aging. This study aimed to determine relationship between self-care needs and self-care ability in retired elderly based on Orem’s model.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 120 older people who had been referred to the Civil Servants Pension Organizations in east of the Guilan Province (north of Iran) in 2017. Subjects were selected through simple random sampling method. Data were gathered using a questionnaire of elderly’s self-care needs and self-care abilities based on the Orem's model. Data were analyzed in SPSS (version 16) using the t-test, analysis of variance, Tukey's test, and Pearson correlation coefficient.
Results: The participants obtained an average self-care score of 19.80±6.44 and an average self-care ability score of 132.41±15.92. Most subjects were semi-dependent (73.33%) and had high self-care abilities (81.66%). Self-care needs and self-care abilities were significantly associated with variables of age, marital status, education level, occupation status, and monthly income. In addition, there was a significant relationship between self-care needs and self-care abilities of the elderly (P=0.0001).
Conclusion: Our results indicated a significant inverse relationship between self-care needs and self-care abilities of the elderly. It is recommended to design self-care program based on the needs of the elderly while considering their individual-social conditions to improve self-care abilities and minimize injuries.
Volume 19, Issue 2 (9-2022)
Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) refers to perceived physical, mental, emotional, and social well-being. The purpose of this study is to evaluate HRQOL in patients with chronic respiratory failure (CRF).
Methods: The present mixed methods study is conducted since 2020 by simultaneous implementation of quantitative and qualitative phases. The quantitative phase is cross-sectional research to determine HRQOL in patients with CRF. In this phase, 171 patients will be selected based on the inclusion criteria from the internal medicine, respiratory, and neurology wards of hospitals affiliated with the Golestan University of Medical Sciences (Gorgan, Iran). The stratified sampling method is applied by calculating the bed occupancy rate. To collect data in this phase, the Persian version of the HRQOL questionnaire will be used for patients with CRF. In addition, the questionnaire will be translated and evaluated in terms of psychometric properties. Data obtained from the quantitative phase are analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS 16 software. Simultaneously with the quantitative phase, the researcher will achieve an understanding of HRQOL in the patients by using the contractual content analysis method in the qualitative phase. In this phase, the subjects will be selected via Purposeful sampling. Data are collected through semi-structured interviews and sampling will continue until reaching data saturation. Data analysis is done by the Graneheim and Lundman method. In this regard, after extracting and categorizing the codes, subclasses and classes will be formed. Finally, the findings of the quantitative and qualitative phases will be compared and integrated for discussion and interpretation of the data.
Conclusion: Evaluation of HRQOL by implementing combined qualitative and quantitative approaches can provide a complete picture of this concept in patients with CRF. Moreover, the results of such studies can help predict outcomes and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.
Volume 20, Issue 1 (4-2023)
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on perimenopausal (161) and menopausal women (751) who were recruited through non-probability convenient sampling in Kurdistan Region, Iraq, from April to June 2022. For the purpose of the study, a questionnaire was developed that included questions on demographic characteristics, obstetric and menstrual history, and knowledge about menopause. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, and chi-square test using SPSS version 25. Ordered logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of demographic and obstetrical factors on some dependent’s variables of knowledge.
Results: The mean age of menopausal and perimenopausal women was 54.81 ± 5.590 and 46.99±5.688 years, respectively. The participants had more knowledge about the concept and less about the health risks of menopause. On average, menopausal women were more knowledgeable about the definition of menopause compared with perimenopausal women; the difference was highly significant. Overall, the knowledge score indicated that 44% had fair knowledge, 37.6% had poor knowledge, and 18.4% had good knowledge about menopause.
Conclusion: Although many women view menopause as a positive life event, it is important to provide them with adequate education, so they can better understand the natural process of menopause to lead a healthy life.
Volume 21, Issue 1 (4-2024)
Background: Mutual rights in the medical system have always been considered an important component of medical ethics. Observance of midwives' rights could affect the quality of their services. This study was conducted to determine the methods for improving the observance of midwives' rights from the perspective of midwives and related managers.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 346 midwives and 19 hospital managers in 9 hospitals in Isfahan (Iran) 2018 -2019. The sample was selected from the midwives using the census method and from the managers using the purposive method. Data were collected using a questionnaire containing demographic, managerial-organizational, and individual methods to improve the observance of midwives' rights. Findings were analyzed using descriptive/inferential statistics (T- test) in SPSS v. 18 software.
Results: Managerial-organizational and individual methods from the perspective of midwives and managers (total view) were not significantly different (P>0.05). The most important managerial-organizational method to improve the observance of midwives' rights included "increasing the level of awareness of midwifery staff about their rights and their recognition" with a mean and standard deviation (SD) of 4.32 ± 0.78, and one of the most important individual methods was to "improve work conscience" with a mean and SD of 4.35 ± 0.80.
Conclusion: Managerial-organizational and individual methods are important to increase the observance of midwives' rights in the hospital. In order to improve midwifery services and midwives' health, hospital managers must make the necessary efforts to increase the observance of midwives' rights by considering related factors.
Volume 21, Issue 1 (4-2024)
Background: Women have less interaction with the fetus in unplanned pregnancies. This study aimed to determine the effect of an antenatal training program on maternal-fetal attachment in unplanned pregnancies.
Methods: This single-blind clinical trial was performed in the north of Iran in 2019. By simple randomization, 76 mothers with unplanned pregnancies were allocated to the intervention and control groups. Mothers in the intervention group attended three sessions (90 minutes per session) of training based on interaction with the fetus in small groups. The control group only received routine care. Data collection instruments included a demographics checklist, London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy, and Cranley’s Maternal-Fetal Attachment scale. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Fisher’s Exact test, t-test, analysis of covariance, and multivariate analysis of variance were used for data analysis.
Results: The mean difference of maternal-fetal attachment before and after training was 3.41±2.08 (P=0.112) in the intervention group and 3.96±2.17 (P=0.078) in the control group. However, the differences between and within groups were not significant. The differences in the subscales of attachment with the fetus were not also significant between the groups after the intervention. Although the post-intervention attachment score for unwanted pregnancy was lower than mistimed pregnancy in the intervention (mean difference: 14±3.61) and control groups (mean difference: 3.70±1.87), it was not significantly different based on the type of pregnancy between the groups.
Conclusion: Maternal-fetal attachment training did not boost interaction with the fetus in mothers with unplanned pregnancies; thus, deeper psychological interventions are needed.
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